(Cat 2) means after all feasible measures available to the manufacturer to minimize all systematic positioning errors for the particular machine-tool model or measuring errors for the particular coordinate measuring machine are considered. Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG). Mechanisms and devices for safing, arming, fuzing or firing; iv. Accessories. (Cat 5) - The total bit rate of the information that is directly transferred on any type of medium. Agricultural commodities include food (including processed food); feed; fish; shellfish and fish products; beer, wine and spirits; livestock; fiber including cotton, wool and other fibers; tobacco and tobacco products; wood and wood products; seeds; fertilizer and organic fertilizer; reproductive materials such as fertilized eggs, embryos and semen. In that regard, the changes that can be made to a BIS license are the non-material changes described in § 750.7(c) of the EAR. There are two types of “components”: “Major components” and “minor components.” A “major component” includes any assembled element which forms a portion of an “end item” without which the “end item” is inoperable. Metal embrittlement agents severely weaken metals by chemically changing their molecular structure. Found inside – Page 26From an NIST 800 perspective, the first recommendation is a resilience control measure, the second is a tactical (ad hoc) solution, the third is education and awareness control, and the final is a technical control that is achieved ... This motion is created by the extensor pollicis longus tendon. (Cat 1) - Capable of being cross-linked or polymerized further (cured) by the use of heat, radiation, catalysts, etc., or that can be melted without pyrolysis (charring). Some tagging systems also allow users to apply their own tags to content by entering them into the system. Office of Foreign Assets Control (FAC) or (OFAC). A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is a type of motor controller that drives an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage supplied to the electric motor. (FMU), (sometimes also referred to as ‘flexible manufacturing system’ (FMS) or ‘flexible manufacturing cell’ (FMC)) (Cat 2) - An entity that includes a combination of at least: (a) A “digital computer” including its own “main storage” and its own “related equipment”; and. The following national/federal/royal (departments, agencies and entities) “government end users” (as defined in this section of the EAR) providing the following government functions and services, are considered “more sensitive:”. It's not waiting for someone to be "offended." It's about why anyone would be defensive about clinging to terrible terms based on horrific inhumane things.Let's just fix this, finally. Element value is the price paid for the element by the manufacturer of the system, or by the system integrator. ‘Fit’ means the ability to interface or connect with an item subject to the EAR. Found inside – Page 2Chapter 4 focuses on the technical controls that light industries have adopted to minimize the potential for ground ... 1.2 Definition of " Light Industry " As used in this document , the term " light industry " refers to industrial ... For the purposes of the EAR, agricultural commodities do not include furniture made from wood; clothing manufactured from plant or animal materials; agricultural equipment (whether hand tools or motorized equipment); pesticides, insecticides, or herbicides; or cosmetics (unless derived entirely from plant materials). Export control document. Required fields are marked *. License application; application for license. Government end user” (as applied to encryption items). An example is a bank teller who has to seek approval of his supervisor before cashing checks over 2000$. http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/aes/index.html, Circulation-controlled, anti-torque or circulation-controlled direction control systems. The bus/post-boost vehicle or attitude control/velocity trim module not including systems/sub systems essential to the operation of other stages. The opposite action is upload. 'QE' is usually expressed as a percentage; however, for the purposes of this formula 'QE' is expressed as a decimal number less than one, e.g., 78% is 0.78. In this article, different access control categories will be talked about: Administrative controls are laid out by the top management of any organization. Basic gate propagation delay time. An accordion is a vertically stacked list of items that utilizes show/ hide functionality. (Cat 6) - Are designed to detect the spatial variation of magnetic fields from sources external to the instrument. Active flight control systems. It is an assembly that can be integrated into computer or telecommunications equipment to provide communications access. These are associated items for any “component,” “end item,” or “system,” and which are not necessary for their operation, but which enhance their usefulness or effectiveness. (Cat 4) - An element is a “principal element” when its replacement value is more than 35% of the total value of the system of which it is an element. Any organization that is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be a foreign terrorist organization under notices or regulations issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (see 31 CFR chapter V). Intrusion software. Each category is subdivided into five groups, designated by the letters A through E: (A) Equipment, assemblies and components; (B) Test, inspection and production equipment; (C) Materials; (D) Software; and (E) Technology. Focal plane array. These feed rates are varied in relation to each other so that a desired contour is generated (Ref. (Cat 4) - See: “Two dimensional Vector Rate”; “Three dimensional Vector Rate”. Encryption (and other protocols): Cryptographic techniques, protocols and encryption are used to ensure that the information is protected as it passes through networks (or is present on devices). Sensors having more than twenty discrete spectral bands are sometimes referred to as hyperspectral imaging sensors. Equivalent national standards for executing the “proof test” may be used. SHPL. 1 to part 774 of the EAR and throughout the EAR. This same concept applies for paragraph (b)(4). However, the criteria for release under (b)(3) or (b)(4) must be met by another ECCN controlled for AT-only reasons or an EAR99 item in addition to the AT-only ECCN being reviewed for release from “specially designed.” For example, if a single gasket is used in ECCN 9A990 tractors (9A990 includes a control on “specially designed” “parts”) and also pick-up trucks designated as EAR99 that are in “production”, the single gasket would be released from “specially designed” on the basis of paragraph (b)(3). A commonly used control chart in which individual control measurements are plotted directly on a control chart with limit lines drawn either as mean ± 2s or mean ± 3s. Defensive Design for the Web: How to improve error messages, help, forms, and other... Universal Principles of Design, Revised and Updated: 125 Ways to Enhance Usability,... Checkboxes allow the user to select one or more options from a set. AES is a nationwide system operational at all ports and for all methods of transportation through which export shipment data required by multiple agencies is filed electronically to U.S. Customs and Border Protection, using the efficiencies of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). Fly-by-light system. (5) The U.S. entity has the authority to appoint the chief operating officer of the foreign subsidiary or entity. See § 734.8 of the EAR. See Missile Technology Export Control Group. Means the international organization, located in The Hague, Netherlands, that administers the Chemical Weapons Convention. Dual use. A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service. The blockchain is an immutable (unchangeable, meaning a transaction or file recorded cannot be changed . Cryptography (Cat 5P2) - The discipline that embodies principles, means and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its information content, prevent its undetected modification or prevent its unauthorized use. Found inside – Page 656UN Security Council Resolution 1540 requires appropriate and effective transit and trans-shipment controls over ... approach to coordinating such efforts nor support for them through a long-term technical assistance programme. Munitions List. a. (Cat 7 and 9) - Means “production equipment” and specially designed “software” therefor integrated into installations for “development” or for one or more phases of “production”. See part 736 of the EAR. Note that certain additional items described in part 732 of the EAR are also subject to the EAR. (“CEP”) (Cat 7) In a circular normal distribution, the radius of the circle containing 50% of the individual measurements being made, or the radius of the circle within which there is a 50% probability of being located. ISO/DIS 2806 - 1980). Under the common-law test, the employer has the right to tell the employee what to do, how, when, and where to do the job. The office at the Department of the Treasury responsible for blocking assets of foreign countries subject to economic sanctions, controlling participation by U.S. persons, including foreign subsidiaries, in transactions with specific countries or nationals of such countries, and administering embargoes on certain countries or areas of countries. You. The “600 series” constitutes the munitions ECCNs within the larger CCL. Also see the NASA standards for examples of what constitutes a system in the (NASA SE Handbook SP-2007-6105 Rev 1). CW Laser. NLR. (Cat: all) - A collection of one or more “programs” or “microprograms” fixed in any tangible medium of expression. “Item” means “commodities, software, and technology.” When the EAR intend to refer specifically to commodities, software, or technology, the text will use the specific reference. You typically pay only for cloud services you use . (Cat 7) The angular error buildup with time that is due to white noise in angular rate. Absent such documents, the “commodity” may not be excluded from being “specially designed” by paragraphs (b)(4), (b)(5) or (b)(6). Angle random walk. Angular position deviation. For more information about AES, visit the Bureau of Census Web site at: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/aes/index.html or see 15 CFR part 30 the Foreign Trade Regulations. Munitions List or that are covered by the Wassenaar Arrangement Munitions List (WAML). Production Facilities. Unclassified technology not specifically enumerated on the USML is “subject to the EAR” if it is “required” for the “development,” “production,” “use,” operation, installation, maintenance, repair, overhaul, or refurbishing (or other terms specified in ECCNs on the CCL that control “technology”) of a commodity or software that is subject to the EAR. A debate over what constitutes production code shows that there is a lot of ambiguity about the formal application of either term to a specific scenario because of the many stages that code . There is a new word du jour that you can't help but stumble across as you study for a number of security-related exams (such as CompTIA's Security+), and that word is "control." In this article, we will first define it from the standpoint of the testing body, then walk through two analogies on controls: one exaggerated a bit, and the other something you are likely to encounter on a . The person who applies for an export or reexport license, and who has the authority of a principal party in interest to determine and control the export or reexport of items. Average Output Power. Found inside – Page 13The term “ malicious cyber command and control ” means a method for unauthorized remote identification of , access ... The term " security control ” means the management , operational , and technical controls used to protect against an ... (Cat 1) - Young's modulus in pascals, equivalent to N/m 1324b(a)(3); (2) Any juridical person organized under the laws of the United States or any jurisdiction within the United States, including foreign branches; and. All general application programming interfaces (e.g., those that accept either a cryptographic or non-cryptographic interface but do not themselves maintain any cryptographic functionality) will not be considered “open” cryptographic interfaces. Master/slave is a model of asymmetric communication or control where one device or process (the "master") controls one or more other devices or processes (the "slaves") and serves as their communication hub. Retropulsion is the technical term for "lifting the thumb off a table while keeping the hand flat". 2016) (81 FR 4673 (Jan. 27, 2016)), “Federal Participation in the Development and Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards and in Conformity Assessment Activities” section 2.a, available at https://www.nist.gov/system/files/revised_circular_a-119_as_of_01-22-2016.pdf. These agents are compounded in various substances to include adhesives, liquids, aerosols, foams, and lubricants. Tags allow users to find content in the same category. If the aperture is low, more light is able reach the image sensor. A beginner's guide. The numbers used in supplement no. The Export Administration Review Board's role in license application review is in accordance with Executive Order 12981 as amended by Executive Orders 13020, 13026 and 13117. This does not include algorithms using only linear or rotational transformation of a single image, such as translation, feature extraction, registration or false coloration. (municipal or other local government entities must submit required support documentation); or. As applied to encryption items, means, (a) A foreign branch of a U.S. company; or. Items being transported in this manner shall be treated as a single shipment even if the items represent more than one order or are in separate containers. d. For UAV systems, the “range” will be determined for a one-way distance using the most fuel-efficient flight profile (e.g. Recovery equipment (e.g., parachutes) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle. Control Arm A suspension element that has one joint at one end and two joints at the other end, typically the chassis side. (All) Rocket systems (including ballistic missiles, space launch vehicles, and sounding rockets) and unmanned aerial vehicle systems (including cruise missiles, target drones, and reconnaissance drones) “capable of” delivering at least 500 kilograms payload to a range of at least 300 kilometers. The ultimate consignee is not a forwarding agent or other intermediary, but may be the end-user. A supervisor is a person placed directly above an employee and, if the employee is held in contempt for some reason, the supervisor will also be held accountable. : Controlled “technology” is defined in the General Technology Note and in the Commerce Control List (supplement no. Countries designated controlled for national security purposes under authority delegated to the Secretary of Commerce by Executive Order 12214 of May 2, 1980 pursuant to section 5(b) of the EAA. Microcomputer microcircuit. This can be done by matching the credentials found in the request versus those stored in the database. Designation of another party to receive the license does not alter the responsibilities of the applicant, licensee or exporter. 4 to Part 774 of the EAR - Commerce Control List Order of Review.). (out-of-true running) (Cat 2) - Radial displacement in one revolution of the main spindle measured in a plane perpendicular to the spindle axis at a point on the external or internal revolving surface to be tested (Ref. The person authorized by the applicant to receive the license. 'Secret parameter': A constant or key kept from the knowledge of others or shared only within a group. (2) Acceptance, test, or inspection criteria pertaining to the commodity at issue is included within the scope of “build-to-print technology” only if it is necessary to verify that the commodity is acceptable. Space Launch Vehicles - “Payload” includes: 1. An authorization described in part 740 of the EAR that allows you to export or reexport, under stated conditions, items subject to the EAR that otherwise would require a license. Blockchain technology is the concept or protocol behind the running of the blockchain. Going back to the technical manager, let's say, electrical engineers, as part of the team, their main concern is the design and control of the electrical scope portion of the project. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). Readable and readability mean the quality of a group of letters or numerals being recognized as complete words or numbers. (Cat 6) - Are capable of simultaneous or serial acquisition of imaging data from two or more discrete spectral bands. COCOM (Coordinating Committee on Multilateral Export Controls). The ACEP may invite Assistant Secretary-level representatives of other Government agencies or departments (other than those identified above) to participate in the activities of the ACEP when matters of interest to such agencies or departments are under consideration. “III/V compounds”. Intent to Deny (ITD) letter. For purposes of this definition an assembly and a “component” are the same. This definition includes chip sets which are designed to operate together to provide the function of a “microprocessor microcircuit.”. Item. (e) An affiliate of any of the entities listed in paragraph (a), (b), (c), or (d) of this definition, engaged solely in the business of providing data processing services to a bank or financial institution, or a branch of such an affiliate. The entities for which restrictions are enforced might be applications, protocols, core application components, OS components, add-on security packages, access control . In combination with the CCL, the Country Chart indicates when a license is required for any item on the CCL to any country in the world under General Prohibition One (Exports and Reexports in the Form Received), General Prohibition Two (Parts and Components Reexports), and General Prohibition Three (Foreign Produced Direct Product Reexports). Supervisory structure: Almost all the organizations of the modern world make managerial staff responsible for employees and scrutinizing their activities. Subject to the EAR. Some examples of administrative controls are: As the name indicates, technical controls (logical controls) are the tools and/or software that can be used to enforce restrictions on different objects for different subjects. For purposes of License Exception AGR and export license applications to Iran under the licensing procedures set forth in the appropriate regulations promulgated and administered by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control, agricultural commodities only include those that are classified as EAR99. Law or regulation relating to export control. Computer programs that provide capability of encryption functions or confidentiality of information or information systems. Identification of the subject: The subject is the entity that requests access to an object to which we need to control the access. Think of the lens as a window—large windows or wide angles let in more light, while small windows let in less light. 8 to part 760 of the EAR. Supporting structures and deployment mechanisms for the munitions (e.g., hardware used to attach to, or separate the RV from, the bus/post-boost vehicle) that can be removed without violating the structural integrity of the vehicle; iv. Executive function is a set of mental skills that include working memory, flexible thinking, and self-control. Foreign policy control. It’s a high-level plan that outlines the management’s intentions of practicing security within the premises. N.B. If the credentials aren’t found in the database, the subject is not granted access. Range. Upon receiving the request, the first step of the access control process is to identify the subject. (See the General Technology Note.). (b) A “part,” “component,” “accessory,” “attachment,” or “software” that would be controlled by paragraph (a) is not “specially designed” if it: (1) Has been identified to be in an ECCN paragraph that does not contain “specially designed” as a control parameter or as an EAR99 item in a commodity jurisdiction (CJ) determination or interagency-cleared commodity classification (CCATS) pursuant to § 748.3(e); (2) Is, regardless of ‘form’ or ‘fit,’ a fastener (e.g., screw, bolt, nut, nut plate, stud, insert, clip, rivet, pin), washer, spacer, insulator, grommet, bushing, spring, wire, solder; (3) Has the same function, performance capabilities, and the same or ‘equivalent’ form and fit, as a commodity or software used in or with an item that: (i) Is or was in “production” (i.e., not in “development”); and. They are also often used for addressing the noncompliance issues regarding these expectations. See § 750.4 of the EAR. Aspirants should not refer to this article as the sole resource for carrying out their CISSP exam preparation, as there is a lot of other information that also needs to be gained. Munitions List. (MTCR context) - Equipment, parts, components, or “software” that, as a result of “development”, or modification, have specified properties that make them fit for a particular application. (Cat 3) - Two or more “monolithic integrated circuits” bonded to a common “substrate”. (Cat 6) - Duration of a “laser” pulse is the time between the half-power points on the leading edge and trailing edge of an individual pulse. Airship. A mechanism which is designed to allow a customer or other party to insert cryptographic functionality without the intervention, help or assistance of the manufacturer or its agents, e.g., manufacturer's signing of cryptographic code or proprietary interfaces. (Cat 7) A primary digital flight control system employing feedback to control the “aircraft” during flight, where the commands to the effectors/actuators are electrical signals. The principal party in interest located abroad who receives the exported or re exported items. When designing your interface, try to be consistent and predictable in your choice of interface elements. A date picker allows users to select a date and/or time. A person who is prohibited from receiving the items at issue or participating in a transaction that is subject to the EAR without authorization under the EAR, such as persons on the Entity List or denied persons. The term “foreign government agency” does not include government corporations, quasi-government agencies, and state enterprises engaged in commercial, industrial, and manufacturing activities, such as petroleum refineries, mines, steel mills, retail stores, automobile manufacturing plants, airlines, or steamship lines that operate between two or more countries, etc. 2. The garage door opener is not “specially designed” for purposes of 1A007 because although the garage door opener could be used to send a signal by electrical means to charges or devices containing energetic materials, the garage door opener does not have properties peculiarly responsible for achieving or exceeding the performance levels, ‘functions’ or characteristics in 1A007. In terms of the ITIL framework, the role of an IT Operations manager is to assume control and overall responsibility for all Service Operation activities that are under the purview of IT operations. (b) See also §§ 740.9, 740.14, and 740.21(f)(2) and parts 746 and 760 of the EAR for definitions of “U.S. The term typically refers to proprietary interconnections in contrast to a Process Automation System. No performance level is identified in the entry, but the control characteristic of the aircraft is that it is specially designed “for military use.” Thus, any technology, regardless of significance, peculiar to making an aircraft “for military use” as opposed to, for example, an aircraft controlled under ECCN 9A991.a, would be technical data “required” for an aircraft specially designed for military use thus controlled under ECCN 9E610. The ITAR and the EAR often divide within each set of regulations or between each set of regulations: (a) Controls on parts, components, accessories, attachments, and software; and. N.E.S or n.e.s. (Cat 3) Devices that integrate more than one ADC, designed so that each ADC has a separate analog input. 'Protective countermeasures': techniques designed to ensure the safe execution of code, such as Data Execution Prevention (DEP), Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) or sandboxing. Schedule B numbers. (Cat 0 and 2) includes the items within or attached directly to the reactor vessel, the equipment which controls the level of power in the core, and the components which normally contain, come into direct contact with or control the primary coolant of the reactor core. The maximum capability based on the design characteristics of the system, when fully loaded with fuel or propellant, will be taken into consideration in determining “range”. The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the 1934 Act) that are effective in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the 1934 Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods . (Cat 3, 4, 5, and 6) - The processing of externally derived information-bearing signals by algorithms such as time compression, filtering, extraction, selection, correlation, convolution or transformations between domains (e.g., fast Fourier transform or Walsh transform). (Cat 7) means an automated control of “aircraft” state variables and flight path to meet mission objectives responding to real time changes in data regarding objectives, hazards or other “aircraft.”, Total digital transfer rate. Any person who is determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be a specially designated terrorist under notices or regulations issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control (see 31 CFR chapter V). A term used in the EAR to describe those commodities, software, technology (e.g., technical data) and defense services over which the U.S. Department of State, Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) exercises regulatory jurisdiction under the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) (see 22 CFR parts 120 through 130). In some systems, a master is selected from a group of eligible devices, with the other devices acting in the role of slaves. “Payload” for systems with separating re-entry vehicles (RVs) includes: A. Simply put, cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—including servers, storage, databases, networking, software, analytics, and intelligence—over the Internet ("the cloud") to offer faster innovation, flexible resources, and economies of scale. The main ways to control a hazard include: Elimination (including substitution): remove the hazard from the workplace, or substitute (replace) hazardous materials or machines with less hazardous ones. (Cat 6) - The coding and processing of a radar signal pulse of long time duration to one of short time duration, while maintaining the benefits of high pulse energy. When a label is clicked, it expands the section showing the content within. Typically search fields are single-line text boxes and are often accompanied by a search button. Appropriate acting Assistant Secretary, Deputy Assistant Secretary or equivalent strength of any agency or department may serve in lieu of the Assistant Secretary of the concerned agency or department. (Cat 6) - Any modulation technique for spreading energy originating from a signal with a relatively narrow frequency band, over a much wider band of frequencies, by using random or pseudo-random coding.
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