In depicting the horrors of the First World War as devoid of class interests, They Shall Not Grow Old presents a war with no authors. The GDR also awarded a Clara Zetkin Medal to women and organizations deemed to have supported feminist and socialist causes in the country. First book-length treatment of the famous German feminist and writer. In 1954, the soialist German Democratic Republic instituted the Clara Zetkin Medal to honor forthcoming champions of women’s rights, who exemplified the legacy of the communist revolutionary. Besides this, Socialist women were reminded to found and improve protective committees for women-workers, and collect their grievances on illegal and pernicious conditions of labour, forwarding them to the factory inspector. One hundred and fifty lecture and study circles for women have been established by Party sections in order to serve the theoretical and practical instruction of their women members. An important medium for her to spread socialist ideas in circles of working class was the socialist women’s journal of the SPD, Die Gleichheit (Equality), which Zetkin edited until 1917. The theory of Permanent Revolution has been associated with Leon Trotsky for more than a century. The documents in this volume demonstrate that Trotsky was one of several participants in a debate over Permanent Revolution from 1903-1907. The rise of fascism in Italy in the early 1920s represented a new, extremely dangerous threat to the workers’ movement. Up to then every federated State had a law of association of its own, and throughout most of the Empire the legal prescriptions forbade women becoming members of organising political societies. Social Reformer. It The significance of "women's-rightsers," as the Marxist women used it, is that such feminists make women's juridical rights (under the existing social order) the be-all and end-all of their movement and program, by detaching the question of women's rights from the basic social issues, by making it a separate question. The movement of proletarian women of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and by extension of the Second International (1889–1914), was structured by Clara Zetkin around the principle of a “clean break” between the women of the exploiting and exploited classes, which laid the programmatic foundations for the development of a mass movement of socialist working women … After a decade in exile, militaristic foreign policy extremists have returned to power under Trump--and they're driving toward a catastrophic war. A communist and political activist, she was also an ardent campaigner for women’s rights and helped to create the first International Women's Day on 8 … This hardness could lead to unkind statements. Zetkin recognized the plight faced by middle-class, and even ruling-class, women of her time. The integral human emancipation of all women depends in consequence on the social emancipation of labour; that can only be realised by the class-war of the exploited majority. Until 1892, women were banned by law from joining trade unions--laws barring them from political activity existed until 1908. The Socialist women’s movement in Germany is inspired with the monumental dictum of Karl Marx “The philosophers hitherto have only interpreted the world in different ways; what has yet to be done is to change the world.” It strives to help change the world by awakening the consciousness and the will of working-class women to join in performing the most Titanic deed that history will know: the emancipation of labour by the labouring class themselves. While the Lassalleans opposed women being employed in industry because it would undercut men's employment and wages, German Marxists like August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht argued that employment was a step toward economic independence for women, and therefore toward possible equality with men. In August 1932, as the chairwoman of the Reichstag by seniority, she was entitled to give the opening address, and used it to call for workers to unite in the struggle against fascism. Clara Zetkin was a politician, peace activist, and most importantly, a Women’s right activist. This book reconstructs this complicated and contradictory process through the countless treatises, essays, memoirs, novels, poems, songs, plays, paintings, photographs, and films produced in the name of the proletariat. “Women’s Work and the Organization of the Trade Unions,”. She stands out for her involvement in German and international socialist politics, was one of the socialist movement’s most revered fighter’s for women’s rights and never shied away form criticizing, even when it came to her own movement’s politics. Readers are welcome to share and use material belonging to this site for non-commercial purposes, as long as they are attributed to the author and SocialistWorker.org. Clara Zetkin was born as Clara Zeissner in Saxony, Germany on 5 July. The bourgeois woman not only demands her own bread, but she also requests spiritual nourishment and wants to develop her individuality. Zetkin migrated first to Zurich, and then to Paris. In spite of the largest coordinated protests in history, George Bush and the neo-cons were determined to have their war on Iraq. Clara Zetkin is an example of how long a women’s movement was active before Schwarzer & Co., but it was one that regarded itself as part of the left, socialist labour movement. But the vote is, according to their views, not the last word and term of their aspirations, but only a weapon—a means in struggle for a revolutionary aim—the Socialistic order. Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) was a German communist, anti fascist and founder of International Women’s Day. She became a leader of the German socialist movement and later one of the founders of the German Communist Party. With her struggle for working class women’s emancipation, Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) became one of the most important leaders of the socialist women’s movement in late nineteenth century and early twentieth century Germany. Name variations: Klara Zetkin. This book offers, for the first time in English, the proceedings and decisions of the last congress of the Communist International held in Lenin’s lifetime. Establishing an International Socialist Women’s Movement. The History Behind The Revolutionary Clara Zetkin, née Eissner, was born in 1857 in Wiederau, in the then German Confederation. In 1875, the two socialist tendencies came together to form one group, the German Socialist Labor Party, the precursor to the Social Democratic Party (SPD). Only weeks later, after a workers' uprising in Berlin in January 1919, Germany's chancellor, a member of the SPD, ordered the German Army and the Freikorps--forerunners of the Nazis to come--to crush the rebellion and arrest its leaders. By exploring the cultural and political diversity of nineteenth-century Europe and at the same time pointing out connections to questions explored by conventional scholarship, the essays shed new light on common developments and problems. In 1914, Zetkin stood with the minority in the party who struggled for a position of opposition against the First World War. “Bourgeois feminism and the movement of proletarian women,” Zetkin wrote, “are two fundamentally different social movements.” Germany has a long-drawn association with women's rights, with German women's rights activist Clara Zetkin proposing the idea of celebrating an International Women's Day in 1910 at the Conference of Socialist Women. A working-class women’s movement. Zetkin became the leading female theorist of socialist emancipation theory and as such helped to formulate the core ideas of socialist feminism. Clara Zetkin called for the holiday at the second International Conference of Working Women in 1910, in response to mass strikes and protests by women workers in the U.S. Instead of supporting demands that would make a difference in the lives of working-class women, bourgeois women steered clear of these issues and concentrated solely on questions like suffrage (which was limited to bourgeois men and women anyway). “Women Workers, Workers’ Wives, and Social Democracy in Imperial Germany.” In, Sowerwine, Charles. Clara Zetkin, née Eißner, was the most prominent German socialist of her generation to take the concerns and issues of women's oppression seriously in her theoretical and practical work. Proletarian women's movement leader Clara Zetkin (third from left) sits with Friedrich Engels (fourth from left), August Bebel (fourth from right), and others in the garden of the tavern Zum Loewen in Bendlikon, Germany, during the Zurich Socialist … Zetkin also edited the women's supplement in the leftwing "Leipziger Volkszeitung". Jews and the Worker’s Movement. 1908 was the first year in which the new law of association for the whole Empire allowed women to join political organisations. The article served as a call to action. In theory and practice they maintain the conviction that the class antagonisms are much more powerful, effective and decisive than the social antagonisms between the sexes, and that thus the working-class women will never win their full emancipation in a struggle of all women without difference of class against the social monopolies of the male sex, but only in the class-war of all the exploited, without difference of sex, against all who exploit, without difference of sex. Description: In August 1910 the socialist women's conference adopted a proposal to hold a day of action for working women annually. In 1880, Zetkin went into exile in Switzerland and France. ‘We Will Not Fight’: The Opposition to World War I Reading Peace Group, RISC, 10 June 2015, 19.00-21.00 John S. Partington ‘Clara Zetkin and the British Anti-War Movement’1 John S. Partington Clara Zetkin was a prominent women’s leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1878 to 1917, the founder of the Socialist Women’s International (SWI) in 1907, a leading figure in the Spartacist Movement from 1915 to 1919, the women’s … In the same way, it can attain its liberation only if it stands together without the distinction of sex. Clara. It strives to help change the world by awakening the consciousness and the will of working-class women to join in performing the most Titanic deed that history will know: the emancipation of labor by the laboring class themselves. These figures show the practical result of political propaganda in favour of Socialism during the last twelve months. The moderate women’s movement fought for a limited suffrage only. Clara Zetkin was a German feminist socialist. In addition, her early life placed her on the paths seeking women’s right from the beginning. Nicole Sotelo, History and Political Science, Class of 2019, History and Political Science, Class of 2019, The Colors of the Website: Purple, Green and White, GWonline: The Bibliography, Filmography and Webography on Gender and War since 1600, Frevert, Ute. Until 1924, Zetkin was a member of the KPD’s central office and from 1927 to 1929 she was a member of the party’s central committee. There are, of course, drawbacks in some of the arguments made by Marxists at the time, and it would be up to future Marxists to further develop these theories to incorporate and account for other aspects of capitalism and women's oppression, such as the role of the working-class family. One of her legacies, International Women's Day, was first … She died there, near Moscow, in 1933, aged nearly 76. Several trade unions with a great women membership give the paper free of cost to their women members; “Gleichheit” had a circulation last year of 73,000 copies. Also often overlooked is the German socialist who proposed International Working Women's Day. In 1907, Zetkin reported on the strides being made within the German socialist women's movement, concluding: The socialist women's movement in Germany is inspired with the monumental dictum of Karl Marx: "The philosophers hitherto have only interpreted the world in different ways; what has yet to be done is to change the world." In cases where it seems useful—and such happen very often—the women’s office enters also into relation with the general committee of the trade unions. The Spartacus League vehemently rejected the SPD’s war policy and supported the growing number of riots and strikes against the war all over Germany. She then joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and its far-left wing, the Spartacist League. A native of Saxony Germany she coupled her socialist beliefs with a deep desire to see women achieve equal rights. Only a tiny minority in each nation: The manufacturers of rifles and cannons, of armor-plate and torpedo boats, the shipyard owners and the suppliers of the armed forces' needs. Still worse, the authorities interpreted the legal texts so arbitrarily as to declare that a committee of three women comrades constituted a political organisation; and severe punishments were inflicted on women who joined societies or organised them. The most prominent feature of the Socialist women’s movement in Germany is its clearness and revolutionary spirit as to Socialist theories and principles. It saw the birth and growth of German Social Democracy as the mass workers party. On the contrary, they employ much more energy than the German women-righters to conquer the suffrage. Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) pioneered the idea of a working class-based women's movement. While she labeled herself as a socialist first and foremost, she can also be called a feminist because of her activism for women's rights and her public role as a leader of socialist women. In the same year, in September 1889, she spoke to the founding congress of the Second International on the organisation of working women. THE GROWTH of a vibrant working-class women's movement coincided with the growth of a separate bourgeois women's movement, which the socialist women referred to as "Frauenrechtlerinnen," or "women's rightsers." In 1907, women workers in New York City organized demonstrations demanding better pay, shorter working hours and the right to join a union. Clara Zetkin: oppression, class, and socialism, by Lindsey German (January 18, 2014) Clara Zetkin in the lion’s den, by John Riddell (January 12, 2014) Related articles on this website. Throughout her life, Zetkin was politically active fighting for women's rights. In some of the federated countries the law up to May, 1908, prohibited to women the attending of political and public meetings and conferences. Socialist propaganda amongst the workers’ wives and women wage-earners has been carried on by many hundred public meetings, in which women comrades addressed more particularly working-class women. Good Press publishes a wide range of titles that encompasses every genre. From well-known classics & literary fiction and non-fiction to forgotten−or yet undiscovered gems−of world literature, we issue the books that need to be read. A workers' revolution that succeeds in overthrowing capitalism--and the capitalist family, whose double-burden on women ensures their inferior status in society--is the only hope for genuine women's liberation. German socialist Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) is known as the 1910 founder of International Women’s Day. Clara Zetkin (née Eissner; 5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, activist, and advocate for women's rights.1 Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany,2 then she joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and its far-left wing, the Spartacist League; this later became the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), … Perhaps influenced by her upbringing and social class, it was during her time there that she became involved with the women’s movement and the in 1878 she joined the Socialist Workers’ Party (SAP), which changes its name to Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) in 1890. Zetkin helped found the newspaper Gleichheit, and its circulation grew from a few thousand in the beginning to 23,000 in 1905 and 112,000 by 1913. To support Ben’s work translating similar documents become a patron of Marxism Translated. These figures show the practical result of political propaganda in favour of Socialism during the last twelve months. Clara Zetkin (c. 1908) In 1891 Clara Zetkin became editor of the SPD's journal, Die Gleichheit (Equality). Previously published by the International Socialist Organization. Zetkin concluded that it is in working-class women's interest to join forces with working-class men to overturn a system that exploits them both. This edition elaborates Lise Vogel's unique contribution via a new introduction and Vogel's 2000 article “Domestic Labor Revisited.” Also often overlooked is the German socialist who proposed International Working Women's Day. Public Domain: Marxists Internet Archive (2007). She joined Luxemburg to argue against the revisionist policies of Eduard Bernstein, who had rejected the need for revolutionary change in favor of "evolutionary socialism.". Clara Zetkin, Justice, 9th October 1909, p. 7. Thus the political leaflet, mentioned above, was issued by our women’s office In common with the Executive of the S.D.P., and together with them and the general committee of the trade unions the office called by circulars the attention of the women comrades to various practical tasks in favour of social reforms. Even now, women are still fighting for equal pay in the workplace, and figures such as Zetkin remind modern women that cooperation is of utmost importance, and that perseverance is critical to making progress in the movement for women’s equality. This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. One hundred years ago, Germanyâs monarch abdicated in the face of mutinies and mass strikes. The growth of the working class, the integration of women into the workforce, and the prelude to World War I combined to create a socialist women's movement that reached mass proportions in Germany. There, she argued: Who profits from this war? Born in 1857, she was a contemporary of Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht and Franz Mehring--all socialists active in Germany. Clara Zetkin (; German: [ˈtsɛtkiːn]; née Eißner [ˈaɪsnɐ]; born on 5 July 1857 in Wiederau, Kingdom of Saxony; died on 20 June 1933 in Arkhangelskoye, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union) was a German Marxist theorist, activist, and advocate for women's rights.Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany, then she joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany … Germany, 1857-1933. militant socialist who went to jail because she refused to stop denouncing the war and tried to mobilize working-class women against a struggle between capitalist states that pitted worker against worker. Brett Kavanaugh has ripped away the mystique of the Supreme Court as above political partisanship â but that mystique was always a myth. The emancipation of all women--bourgeois and working class--thus depends on working-class women's collective power as workers. The women who head it are fully conscious that the social fate of their sex is indissolubly connected with the general evolution of society, the most powerful moving force of which is the evolution of labour, of economic life. Within German Social Democracy, disagreement continued on many issues, including the attitude to take toward the bourgeois feminist movement and how to debate these questions. For the middle-class woman and the bourgeois intelligentsia, the relationship is different. Clara Zetkin marks the crossroad of two socio-political movements in Germany in the late nineteenth, early twentieth centuries: socialism and feminism. Applying certain Marxist categories of analysis to the study of American history, the central thesis of this outstanding book is that the main peculiarity of American historical development was the almost direct transition from a colonial ... Zetkin also pointed out that, because of their class and their relationship to production, working-class women were in the best position to win women's liberation. At the practical level, Zetkin's opposition to reformism took the form of a commitment to developing socialist work among women of all classes--work that would support reform without falling into reformism, and simultaneously keep the revolutionary goal firmly in view. In the 1860s, early Marxists presented a fundamentally different approach to women workers than their socialist predecessors, followers of Ferdinand Lassalle. Clara Eissner was educated at … Both were initiated by the so-called ‘Second’ Socialist International (1889-1914). Rosa Luxemburg (1871-1919) 60+ The Communist Women’s Movement (1921-26) Clara Zetkin… https://tjen-folket.no/index.php/en/2020/02/26/8th-of-march-in-the-spirit-of- Zetkin now changed her views on women's suffrage and helped to organize the first International Conference of Socialist Women in Struttgart. As a result, Zetkin called equal wages and stronger attempts pf the SPD and the trade unions to organize women in the labor movement. This is why Clara Zetkin insisted that Die Gleichheit was not simply for entertainment: the paper was a tool for activists - an agitator, educator and organiser. By 1914, women made up 16 percent of the SPD membership--the greatest proportion of women in any socialist party in the world at that time. The book will be of great interest to readers concerned with the condition of feminist movement in Western countries. This English edition is a translated, revised and extended version of the author's dissertation "Vaterland statt Menschenrecht," first published in Germany in 1999. Zetkin on the need to fight bourgeois feminism These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. Clara Zetkin, geborene Eißner (1857-1933) war eine sozialistische deutsche Politikerin, Friedensaktivistin und Frauenrechtlerin. In 1907 the Social-Democratic Party of Germany embraced 29,458 women members, in 1908 they numbered 62,257. No Marketing Blurb She and her fellow feminists believed that socialism was the only way women could truly become equal to men. Named one of Vogue's "Most Anticipated Books of 2019" This is a manifesto for the 99 percent Unaffordable housing, poverty wages, inadequate healthcare, border policing, climate change--these are not what you ordinarily hear feminists ... The socialist women’s movement now operated through a system of contact persons who organised groups of activists both small and large. The stage was now set for the appearance of a landmark working-class women’s movement, led by Clara Zetkin (pictured). Clara Zetkin is an example of how long a women’s movement was active before Schwarzer & Co., but it was one that regarded itself as part of the left, socialist labour movement. Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) was involved in the foundation of these annual celebrations. HTML Markup: Brian Reid For the first time in English, more than 1,000 pages of debate, decisions, and background exchanges at the most controversial of Communist world congresses held in Lenin’s lifetime. Clara ZetkinGerman political activist Clara Zetkin (1857-1933) was a prominent member of socialist and communist organizations in Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Sixty-six years old in 1923, Clara Zetkin was one of the Comintern’s most prominent veteran fighters. But that's not the case. Dianne, a prominent U.S. socialist activist, is correct in stressing the roots of the Communist Women’s Movement (CWM) in the pre-1914 socialist movement, both in the U.S. and internationally. For her wage inequality hurt women and men. Zetkin also recognized that middle-class demands went beyond the economic, embracing "spiritual nourishment," as described in the quote above--these demands are "completely justified.". Women's membership in the SPD grew as well. Though they never married, she took his name and together they had two sons. Likewise, the Lassalleans opposed suffrage and political rights, while Marxists favored women's full participation in the political and economic struggle. Clara Zetkin was born Clara Zeissner in Saxony, Germany on 5 July, 1857 and died in Archangelskoye, Gender Equality in the Gender Equality in the Gender Equality in the Russian Federationn Federation in 1933. Zetkin went into exile to the Soviet Union. The period of the 1880's and 1890's in Germany was a period of rapid industrialisation carried through under the guidance of the repressive German state. Found insidePresented at a time when fascism was a new and little-understood phenomenon, Zetkin’s work proposed a sweeping plan for the unity of all victims of capitalism in an ideological and political campaign against the fascist danger. they had elected in 1908 a woman comrade on the Executive, and in more than fifty other sections such elections were to take place. Clara Zetkin was a German feminist socialist. In the late 1800s in Europe, a feminist movement grew out of socialist and Marxist circles. Throughout her life, Zetkin was politically active fighting for women's rights. She and her fellow feminists believed that socialism was the only way women could truly become equal to men. Clara Zetkin was one of the most important activists in the German socialist women's movement. Bibliography Includes bibliographical references. She was inspired by the equal rights opportunity within communism and became a vocal advocate for women’s politics, establishing the 1891 social-democratic women's movement in Germany and editing the SPD women's newspaper ‘Die Gleichhei t ’ (The Equality). In 1894, Clara Zetkin took to the pages of the Social Democratic women’s magazine Die Gleichheit (Equality), which she had founded three years earlier, to polemicise against the mainstream of German feminism. Yet how much our Socialist women’s movement is indebted to them for fraternal assistance! What follows is a report on the Second International Socialist Congress of Women that was held in Copenhagen in 1910. In January 1919, after the German Revolution in November 1918 she became a co-founder of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), for which she was elected in the Reichstag, the parliament of the newly founded Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1933. So we need a women’s movement based on rank-and-file activism. She became a leader of the German socialist movement and later one of the founders of the German Communist Party. Zetkin belonged to the German Social Democratic Party and later co-founded the Communist Party of Germany. "To the Lassalleans, the integration of women into industry was a scandalous abuse; to the Marxists, it was the first condition for progress," wrote socialists Hal Draper and Ann Lipow. With her 1896 speech, Zetkin sought to challenge the German party and the Second International to begin to take practical steps in the way of organizing women workers and encourage women's role in the socialist movement. Their differences remained, however. 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