The world oil market has undergone a series of changes that have reduced the share of oil in the global energy balance and, with it, the influence of Middle Eastern oil exporters. Collectively, these countries have a wealth of natural resources. oil embargo by Arab nations demonstrated a new way to influence European and American policy. The water dilemma is incredibly important to the region and is a central cause of quarrel among countries. The British navy was the first to switch from coal to oil in 1912, and other new technologies, like automobiles and airplanes, quickly and drastically increased the demand for fuel. Grade level Work with students to combine their research on larger, blank graphic organizers (projected on the wall or drawn on a flipchart or the blackboard) to create a visual representation of the Middle East. Middle East Topographic and Natural Resources, Early Western control of oil : Found insideThis book would be of interest to students and scholars of Middle East, North Africa and Gulf Studies, Oil and Politics, as well as Comparative Politics and International Political Economy. The Middle East is similarly disproportionately rich in natural gas (32 percent of the world's known natural gas reserves are in the region) and phosphate (Morocco alone has more than half of the. The Middle East is a vast region. (AIOC). What impact, other than economic, might a country's natural resources have? The presence of armed U.S. troops in Saudi Arabia -- the birthplace of Islam -- is particularly galling to many Muslims. From the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Teaching the Middle East is organized into modules, each with an introductory essay, "Framing the Issues" and "Examining Sterotypes" sections, an extensive image bank, and more. This Handbook captures the salient features of Middle Eastern economies and critically examines the public policy responses required to address the challenges and opportunities across the region. Updated 12:08 AM ET, Sun August 22 . The Middle East is a geopolitical term that refers to a region spanning the vast majority of Western Asia and all of Egypt (mostly in North Africa).The term has come into wider usage as a replacement of the term Near East (as opposed to the Far East) beginning in the early 20th century.The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions. Men? [, An empty filling station, Portland, Oregon, November 1973. ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. The Middle East, then, has been quite important, geopolitically, due to the resources, and oil in particular. Middle East: Crossroads of Faith and Conflict (map). The increasing number of Jewish people . http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/mideast /cuvlm/water.html Tribal, ethnic, regional, religious and other forces are fighting each other for power, while Arab states seem to be coming apart at the seams or even completely crumbling. Water Resource Conflicts and International Security: A Global Perspective is an edited collection by Dhirendra K. Vajpeyi which analyzes the increasing global demand for water in economic and social development, and the dire need to ... As the third oil producer among OPEC countries, the country holds 8% of the global oil reserves. Frustration with foreign exploitation led to Turkey's strategic location makes it a natural "Energy Bridge" between major oil and gas producing regions and major consumer markets. Turkey is the largest economy in the Middle East followed by Iran, Saudi Arabia and UAE. According to World Bank's classification resource-poor countries in PAFTA include Tunisia, Morocco, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Sudan, West Bank of Gaza and Djibouti. What is the average life span? Text-Only Timeline, Lesson plans: sanctions According to BP in 2009 of the proved gas reserves were in Iran 16% and Qatar 14%. Assign each student a country from the list provided to research. . Ottoman What Natural Resources Are Present in the Middle East. In the early 20th century, British prospectors discovered oil in Iran and in 1908 began the first large-scale drilling projects there. Therefore, such a vehicle is seen as a possible replacement for current-generation automobiles to address rising pollution, global warming, depleting natural resources, etc. Mineral deposits? This meant that more and more farmable land was used to grow cotton instead of food crops. Fact Check: How Accurate Are Farmers Almanac Weather Forecasts in Comparison to Weather Apps? Since the early part of the 19th century, Europeans vied to control the Middle East. Struggles over Iranian oil A region is an area of land that has common features. Though many have turned to social media for explanation of the events, in this book, Samer Soliman follows the age-old adage—follow the money. nationalization. Apply economic concepts and reasoning when evaluating historical and contemporary social developments and issues. At the same time, many Saudis mistrust their government's close relationship with the U.S. and resent other American policies in the region, such as U.S. support for Israel and the U.S.-led bombing of Iraq. Help | For more information, see the 9-12 A reference guide for those interested in learning about the countries of the Middle East discusses their religions, cultures, political figures, economic infrastructures, natural resources, histories, terrorism, the Gulf War, and other ... This book targets policy makers but will engage anyone committed to building a sustainable future for the planet. This presentation discusses the geography of Middle East in particular the importance of its vast natural resources like water and oil. Water resources in the Middle East are depleting day by day (this refers to ground water, rain water, and river water). This volume investigates the effect of natural resources and the role of policies on achieving higher and sustained growth through economic diversification. The Middle-East and Africa electric vehicle market report covers the latest trends and COVID-19 impact, followed by technological developments in the market. Iran has both petroleum and natural gas deposits. Standard Oil of California first discovered oil in Saudi Arabia in 1936. Anglo-Iranian Oil Company Jan. 2, 2016. Patria y Vida: Understanding Cuba's Historic 2021 Protests. Glossary | Disputes over rights to water (for example, building a dam in one country upstream from another) are a fundamental part of the political relationships in the region. For women? Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Iran, and Oman were all among the top 15 exporters of crude oil in 2015. DNV estimates 5.7 PJ of annual hydrogen demand (all in transport) in the Middle East and North Africa by 2035 (up from 0.065 PJ today), which, at typical steam reforming efficiencies of approximately 80 percent, would require a negligible 0.2 BCM of natural gas to produce. Global Issues - Middle East: The Middle East is similarly disproportionately rich in natural gas (32 percent of the world's known natural gas reserves are in the region) and The aim of this book is to highlight the role that gender research can play in understanding natural resource management and rural development issues in the Middle East and North Africa region and how hands-on training and mentoring can be ... But a new world power, the United States, increased its presence in the region as American demands for oil were rapidly growing and outstripping domestic supply. Saudi Arabia has the second largest oil reserves in the world, and Iran has the world's largest copper reserves. Agricultural resources, Timeline (requires Flash) petroleum. Superior military power and economic leverage allowed them to create new markets for their manufactured goods, and to exploit the natural resources of the African, American, and Asian continents. How do these countries compare? Fifteen million people have fled their homes, many to fragile or economically strapped countries such as Jordan, Lebanon, Djibouti and Tunisia, giving rise to the biggest refugee . What have been the role and effects of U.S. foreign policies and actions in the Middle East? Given the vast energy resources that form the backbone of Western economies, the Middle East has been of paramount importance. -- Area Reports: International)Listed below are chapters from the Minerals Yearbook (Volume III. The area is generally dry and in many places water scarcity is a crucial problem. What international issues is the country currently facing? Bahrain, an island nation in the Persian Gulf, is the smallest of the Middle Eastern states. When workers from countries with large, poor populations, such as Egypt, come to the Gulf region to work, they are often treated as second-class citizens. 4 Middle Eastern countries that are establishing a culture of entrepreneurship to transform into knowledge-based economies In this region of the world, it is expected that by 2050 there will be . against Iraq after the Gulf War, 9 percent of the oil used by Americans after the war still came from Iraq, shipped through other countries. About the Site | Water in the Middle East: Found insideThis book seeks to explain the political and religious factors leading to the economic reversal of fortunes between Europe and the Middle East. Bush (left) talks with King Fahd of Saudi Arabia, through an interpreter, November 21, 1990. Got Water? Research for Development in the Middle East and North Africa Continuing American military power and domestic lifestyles depend on available access to Middle Eastern oil and reasonably low world petroleum prices. Students will be able to describe major geographical Found inside – Page 5In countries with socialist governments most natural resources were nationalized to, once again, make them public ... there is a political struggle over what share of the economic rent from resource the Middle East capitalist countries, ... http://www.wtrg.com/prices.htm Using cases on individual countries, Economic Development in the Middle East and North Africa offers diverse theoretical and empirical evidence on a variety of issues facing policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders in the region. International complaints and protests are often challenged on the grounds that the dams are domestic infrastructure projects. Based on the PMG estimator results GDP growth, trade openness, domestic credit, natural resources and telecommunication infrastructure are all found to be the determinants of FDI inflows in Sub-Saharan countries in the long term. The government of Iran sold the exclusive right to explore and drill for oil in Iran -- a World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. [, King ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia (seated) with President Franklin Roosevelt, at Great Bitter Lake in Egypt, February 14, 1945 [, President George H.W. Relations between the Saudi and U.S. governments have traditionally remained strong. It also has minerals such as bauxite, iron ore, zinc, lead and coal, gold, silver, tin, aluminum and manganese. Country and Regional Map Sites. To what extent can the student articulate differences between countries? Maps | http://www.idrc.ca/research/xplaw_e.html The Middle East is a region of Asia that is bordered by Asia to the east, Europe to the northwest, Africa to the southwest, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. in Iran revered the perpetual flames that burned where natural gas vented from the earth. The historic rift between Sunni and . The Middle East and North Africa region is in turmoil. means that as long as the modern economy depends on the supply of oil and natural gas, the Middle East will play a key role in global politics and economy. Maps | With accessible text and informative graphic organizers, this book takes a closer look at how science, technology, and economics in Southwest Asian and North African countries have been shaped by the area's natural resources and what may ... BRITAIN AND THE MIDDLE EAST FROM 1914 TO THE PRESENT. In the early 1960s, Arab nations worked to divert the headwaters of the Jordan away from Israel and towards Jordan. NCSS standards, Time estimate The history of the discovery and production of oil in the Middle East exemplifies the "resource curse": countries with an abundance of natural resources, specifically non-renewable resources like oil, tend to have less economic growth, less democracy, and worse development outcomes than countries with fewer natural resources. http://library.thinkquest.org/20331/history/mideast.html Describe, differentiate, and explain the relationships among various regional and global patterns of geographic phenomena such as landforms, soils, climate, vegetation, natural resources, and populations. The area, which represents 5 per cent of the world's population, contains 66 per cent of world oil reserves and 45 per cent of world gas reserves. Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, and Angola dominate Africa's oil industry. 90 minutes over two class periods, with homework, What you'll need (see Resources for links), Production, distribution, and consumption. The Middle East is running out of water, and parts of it are becoming uninhabitable. The country is a founding member of the OECD (1961) and the G-20 major economies (1999). [, Members of anti-Taliban forces survey the landscape in Kandahar, Afghanistan, following the overthrow of the ruling Taliban regime, January 17, 2002. Aware of the energy wealth (oil and gas) and strategic of the Middle East, the interests of some countries are benefited by the government weakness of these new states, and use the conflict in their favor as an excuse to occupy and maintain control over the region, as well as to exploit its natural resources. Energy Matters - The Mideast Oil Crisis: Southwest Asian countries have thrived on producing exports to other countries. Nearly all the countries in the Middle East produce and export oil and natural gas. Pledge, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/educators/resource/organizer.pdf, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/maps/topo.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/themes/economics/index.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/questions/uspolicy/index.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/questions/resource/index.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/maps/pol.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/maps/demo.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/maps/muslim.html, http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html, http://plasma.nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine/index.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/educators/resource/lesson2.html, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/mideast/educators/nations/lesson1.html, Part 1: Introduction to region and homework assignment, Part 2: Discuss research and develop graphic organizer, Large chart paper, overhead projector, or black/whiteboard. two major natural resources. Questions to ask include the following: Which countries are the richest in the Middle East? No, the Fair Housing Act of 1968 Didn't End Housing Discrimination in the U.S. What Time Do Stores Start Selling Beer in Texas? The depletion of natural water sources along with reducing ground-water level has pressurised countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) to diversify their water resources, while the influx in population leads to a constant surge in the demand for fresh water. ecosystems In fact, some question whether one reason the U.S. seeks to maintain influence in Afghanistan after the overthrow of the Middle East countries. Debunks the view that natural resources lead to terrible outcomes by demonstrating that oil and minerals are actually a blessing. These annual reviews are designed to provide timely statistical data on mineral commodities in various countries. The Middle East is known for its oil deposits and gas fields, and China produces a large amount of rice every year. As the two most important resources in the region, water and oil have caused such conflicts. Turkey, country that occupies a unique geographic position, lying partly in Asia and partly in Europe and serving as both a bridge and a barrier between them. The IISS has obviously made a particular contribution to the understanding of military strategy, and this is reflected with material on topics such as urban and guerrilla warfare, nuclear deterrence and the role of information in modern ... Communities Respond | Though often ignored in Western analyses, water is one of the most contentious issues in the discussion of any peace plan for the Jordan Valley. Do you think there is a connection between a country's natural resources and its economy? Some estimates show that by 2050, landlocked Central Asia will provide more than 80 percent of the oil distributed to the U.S. As a result, the control of pipelines through Afghanistan or Turkey to distribution centers will be of increasing importance to the United States. Countries in this region 12 GDP billion 2015 USD 2222.79 Population Millions 239.09 http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/middle_east /july-dec99/oil_11-23.html Population, total - Middle East & North Africa. (March 2001) Water Diplomacy in the Middle East: Egypt, Iran, and Turkey are the only countries in the region with abundant fresh water resources. Because the Middle East has the world's largest deposits of oil (55 percent of the world's reserves) in an easily extracted form, Middle Eastern oil continues to be necessary to the United States. Lesson Plans, Learning objectives What other natural resources does the country possess? Countries from the Middle East and North Africa (Mena) region are gearing up to claim their spot at Expo 2020 Dubai with dedicated pavilions that are a testament to their development of arts and . Water scarcity, particularly in the Middle East, is not a new problem, and countries such as Saudi Arabia have been ramping up efforts to produce fresh water, for example through desalination . Global warming reveals that the current evolution of the world energy consumption is on an unsustainable path. This book explores economic and geopolitical tensions and reinforces ways to overcome the crisis. britain's short-lived middle east empire was a product of economic interests and strategic imperatives.. British involvement in the region long antedated World War I, but Britain's "moment" in the Middle East, as it has been called — the period in which it was the dominant power in much of the area — lasted from 1914 to 1956. Ask students to use this data to draw inferences about ways in which the Middle East's physical geography and natural resources have influenced the economy of individual nations and the region. Assessment Communities Respond | Gaza Strip. In Seven Pillars: What Really Causes Instability in the Middle East? a bipartisan group of leading experts representing several academic and policy disciplines unravel the core causes of instability in the Middle East and North Africa. As the region recovers from the global financial and economic crises, the book identifies reforms that could allow countries to further strengthen global production networks, benefit more from trade in services, better compete in external ... The Euphrates River, which originates in Turkey, provides most of the water for eastern Syria and almost all of Iraq. Asia has a wide variety of natural resources in its many countries. Because this has formed a backbone to the wealth of many nations today, maintaining control of those resources has been paramount. Timeline | Geographically, the Middle East holds over two-thirds of the world's known oil reserves and one-third of natural gas reserves. Each report includes sections on government policies and programs, environmental issues, trade and While most Americans may think of the Middle East as primarily desert, agriculture has been important for millennia, with farmers adapting to environmental conditions in different locations. NRGI works intensively in a dozen "priority countries," and is involved in some projects in "limited engagement countries." We also compile basic resource governance information on "other countries." . A region can be defined by natural or artificial features. Economics: It's More Than Oil Syria, in turn, has dammed part of the Euphrates under its control, further choking off the water supply to Iraq. Apart from having half of the world's oil reserves, countries such as Israel, Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and Iran have natural gas reserves. The United States has a GDP of more than US$9 trillion. Most of the profits were taken by Egypt's small ruling elite and the Europeans. Turkey has been part of the EU Customs Union since 31 December 1995. Geographically, how are the United Arab Emirates and Oman alike? [113] phosphate What natural resources might be available in the Middle East? Many of today's countries of the Middle East were formed from the partitioning of . Most links are to maps on other web sites. During the American Civil War, American cotton grew scarce, and Egyptian cotton became increasingly important to England. Oil is the most abundant resource in the Middle East, and many countries' economies are dependent on it. Natural gas Middle Eastern countries possess about 41 per cent of natural gas reserves. 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